In which condition do individuals experience episodes of muscle weakness triggered by emotions?

The condition in which individuals experience episodes of muscle weakness triggered by emotions is cataplexy. This phenomenon is commonly associated with narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks. During episodes of cataplexy, a person may suddenly lose muscle tone and strength, often in response to strong emotional stimuli such as laughter, excitement, or anger. These episodes can range from mild weakness in certain muscle groups to complete collapse.

Cataplexy is a key symptom that differentiates narcolepsy from other sleep disorders. While hypersomnia and sleep apnea involve problems with excessive sleepiness or interrupted breathing during sleep, respectively, they do not specifically involve the sudden muscle weakness that defines cataplexy. Therefore, understanding cataplexy is essential for recognizing and diagnosing narcolepsy effectively.