What is the term that describes a special right or exemption granted to an individual?

The correct term for a special right or exemption granted to an individual is "privilege." In various contexts, privilege refers to benefits or advantages that are not typically available to everyone. For instance, in legal terms, privilege can pertain to certain communications that are protected from disclosure, such as attorney-client privilege, which safeguards the confidentiality of communications between a client and their attorney.

Understanding this term is crucial in fields such as psychology and law, where the concept of privilege has important implications for ethical practices and the handling of sensitive information. In contrast, the other options like "privileged" or "confidentiality" refer to conditions or states rather than a distinct concept of entitlement or exemption. "HIPAA," on the other hand, specifically relates to health information privacy regulations, but it does not encapsulate the broader idea of a special right or exemption like "privilege" does.