What medical condition is caused by HIV and leads to severe immune deficiency?

The correct answer is AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. This medical condition is a late stage of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection. HIV attacks and weakens the immune system by targeting CD4 cells, which are critical for immune defense. As the infection progresses, it can lead to AIDS, characterized by a significantly compromised immune system. This makes individuals much more susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers, which can arise due to the body's inability to fight off pathogens that a healthy immune system would typically manage.

In contrast, cancer, leukemia, and diabetes do not originate from HIV or lead to immune deficiency as their primary features. While HIV can increase the risk of some cancers due to immune suppression, these conditions are distinct from the direct effects of HIV on the immune system.