Which board reviews research proposals for ethical violations and procedural errors?

The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is the correct choice because it is specifically designed to review research proposals to ensure ethical standards are upheld, particularly with respect to the treatment of human subjects. The IRB evaluates the potential risks and benefits of research studies, ensuring that the rights and welfare of participants are prioritized and that informed consent processes are in place.

The IRB's role is critical in research involving human participants, as it helps protect individuals from harm and ensures adherence to ethical guidelines established by federal regulations and institutional policies. This oversight is essential in maintaining public trust in the research process and promoting ethical practices within the scientific community.

Other organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health, the American Psychological Association, and the Office for Human Research Protections, play supportive or regulatory roles in research but do not directly review individual research proposals in the same way the IRB does. The Office for Human Research Protections, for instance, oversees the IRB but does not conduct the reviews itself; instead, it establishes guidelines and regulations that IRBs must follow.