Which disorder is characterized by haunting memories and intense fear following a traumatic event?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) specifically arises after an individual experiences a traumatic event and is defined by its hallmark symptoms, including intrusive memories, flashbacks, and intense fear associated with the recollection of that trauma. Individuals with PTSD often experience hyperarousal, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, and negative alterations in mood and cognition, all of which contribute to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning.

The unique aspect of PTSD is its direct relationship to trauma exposure and the strong emotional and psychological responses that persist long after the event has occurred. This distinguishes it from other disorders, such as anxiety disorders, which may encompass a broader range of anxiety symptoms but are not always tied to a specific traumatic experience. Similarly, depression can occur in response to trauma but does not always present with the distinct features of re-experiencing trauma; it primarily involves pervasive sadness and loss of interest. Adjustment disorders might develop in response to stressors, but their symptoms typically arise within three months of the stressor and are not as persistent or severe as those seen in PTSD.