Which disorder is characterized by impairments in mathematics?

Dyscalculia is the disorder specifically associated with difficulties in mathematics. Individuals with dyscalculia often struggle with number sense, understanding math concepts, accurately performing calculations, and applying math in everyday situations. This condition can significantly impact their academic performance, self-esteem, and daily functioning, particularly in tasks that require quantitative reasoning and problem-solving.

The other options pertain to different types of learning disorders or conditions. Dyslexia primarily affects reading and language processing, dysgraphia relates to difficulties with writing, and autism spectrum disorder encompasses a range of developmental challenges, including social communication and behavioral issues, rather than specifically impairing mathematics. Hence, dyscalculia is uniquely identified as the disorder linked to challenges in mathematical tasks.