Which disorder is characterized by restrictive and repetitive behavior patterns?

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by restrictive and repetitive behavior patterns, which is a central feature of the condition. Individuals with autism may engage in repetitive movements, insist on sameness and routines, and exhibit intense focus on specific interests. These behaviors can manifest in various ways, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or repeating phrases, and are significant in diagnosing the disorder.

The other options are not characterized by these specific behavioral patterns. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) primarily involves issues with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects reading, while dysgraphia impacts writing skills. None of these disorders encapsulate the restrictive and repetitive behaviors that define autism spectrum disorder.