Which of the following statements is true regarding intellectual disabilities?

The statement that intellectual disabilities encompass a range of cognitive and adaptive functioning deficits is accurate and reflects the core understanding of this condition. Intellectual disabilities are characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning, typically reflected by an IQ score significantly below average, and in adaptive behaviors, which include skills necessary for everyday living—such as communication, self-care, social skills, and daily living activities. This definition acknowledges the variability in how individuals may manifest these deficits, emphasizing that intellectual disabilities are not monolithic but rather exist along a continuum.

Recognizing this range is essential in understanding how support can be tailored to each individual, as the impact on daily life can vary widely from mild to severe forms. This understanding also aids in the development of appropriate interventions and educational strategies that accommodate different needs.

In contrast to this, other options fall short of accurately conveying the complexities involved in diagnosing or understanding intellectual disabilities. Only diagnosing them in childhood ignores the possibility that some individuals may not receive a diagnosis until later in life when their adaptive functioning becomes evident, particularly in contexts where environmental or educational support becomes insufficient. Classifying mild forms as non-disabilities undermines the need for resources and support for individuals with those levels of functioning. Finally, stating that these disabilities always result from genetic factors overlooks