Which type of depression specifically occurs alongside vascular conditions in older adults?

Vascular depression is specifically characterized by its occurrence in older adults who have vascular conditions, such as cerebrovascular disease or cardiovascular illness. This type of depression is often associated with changes in brain structure and function resulting from these vascular issues. Research suggests that the presence of vascular pathology can influence mood and cognitive functions, leading to a higher risk of depressive symptoms.

In contrast, reactive depression typically arises in response to a significant stressor or life event, regardless of the presence of any underlying health conditions. Major depressive disorder is a broader category that can occur in various contexts, while atypical depression is defined by specific symptoms such as mood reactivity and increased appetite or weight gain, rather than a direct link to vascular health. Therefore, vascular depression is uniquely defined by its relationship with vascular conditions in aging populations, making it the correct answer.